Pan & Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)

Source SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026

Open the original (DOI; link checked 2026-10-12)

Type of source: Peer-reviewed journal article
Institutional position: Independent academic; disclosed individual tech-stock holdings

Version

This page shows version v1.0. Its record never changes, even when newer evidence arrives; the site may add a note to the page or withhold a figure not cleared for public use.

This pinned version is also the current version.

Versions: v1.0 · current

Claims that cite this source

Provider and jurisdictional context can be associated with materially… Claim LD07-HQ-C11 (v1.0)
China-originating LLMs showed higher refusal rates, shorter responses and more… Claim LD10-HQ-C23 (v1.0)
China-originating LLMs showed higher refusal rates, shorter responses and more… Claim LD10-HQ-C23 (v1.1)

Raw record: coded values of this source record

Source class (bibliographic): PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE
Source-level roles: none
Visibility: PUBLIC_REFERENCE
Registry section: none
Registry “Linked claim” (logical Claim identity; never a pinned version): LD07-HQ-C11, LD10-HQ-C23
Cited in field 6 of: LD07-HQ-C11--v1.0, LD10-HQ-C23--v1.0, LD10-HQ-C23--v1.1

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 3b8e18bb9b267b51125633f4811fae5262ba4952d260b237f7b817a09e38b1eb.

Frozen Drive-derived inputs

R03 — LD-07 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID 1xVz_LrQAA8EA1tPhVWIrDgOUU3Zidlg9; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified 2026-09-29T04:31:14.120Z; block “ENTRY 11 — LD07-HQ-C11” SHA-256 952f38fcbe8e08d10b510457ca6f43da051fa48729dbdabfec47bf8874bfcee9; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixture fixtures/frozen/r03-ld07-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical.
R07 — LD-10 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID 1f9tgGnqv80_UyhW0kCgcnTgWNPlx-DYM; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified ; block “ENTRY 23 — LD10-HQ-C23 ” SHA-256 1c15529588e6e90debe5f441b286790736fa6b3be5bf55539cf206aa29e844e2; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixture fixtures/frozen/r07-ld10-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical.

Repository-authored inputs (not Drive exports)

SocioLens claim revision — LD10-HQ-C23 v1.1 (v1.1) — written in the SocioLens repository by Project Lead (Claude, AI) on 2026-10-13; no Drive identity exists. Authority: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and docs/PROJECT.md "Research revisions" (a published claim changes only through a new version that states what changed and why). Block “ENTRY 23 — LD10-HQ-C23” SHA-256 b43928015cbcfda8409c2381df0b1f843facf02602e2c8540da96acbd2196f81; fixture fixtures/authored/claim-revisions/LD10-HQ-C23--v1.1.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: First SocioLens materialized record for this Source identity; no predecessor record exists (Publication System Amendment v1.2 §4; ruling-backed production identity materialized under Issue #39). SocioLens Source-record version, not the external source's edition, revision or version of record.
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: Publication System Amendment v1.2 §4: the sole SocioLens record version for this Source identity; the materialization manifest explicitly designates SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026--v1.0 current.
VISIBILITY = PUBLIC_REFERENCE — basis: Explicit public provenance selection by LD07-HQ-C11--v1.0 (Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)"; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #39 Source inventory): Batch 04 §1; ledger C11 fields 6/7/8; KEY EVIDENCE.); LD10-HQ-C23--v1.0 (Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "Pan & Xu, PNAS Nexus 2026"; reuse of the already-materialized record by authority (Issue #53 Source inventory, factory-hq decision HQ-ESC-sociolens-ld10-t5-20261011T050405Z-01 ruling 3 inventory U1 / item 7(d)).); LD10-HQ-C23--v1.1 (explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion (Amendment v1.2 §6): the pinned field-6 Source record "Pan & Xu, PNAS Nexus 2026".) (Amendment v1.2 §4, §6).