Provider and jurisdictional context can be associated with materially different refusal and accuracy patterns on politically sensitive prompts; existing evidence does not isolate regulation as the causal mechanism.

SocioLens project,

Claim LD07-HQ-C11 (v1.0)

Provenance and status

Claim type: Fact and Interpretation
Publication status: Eligible for publication, with a qualifier
Verification state: Checked against the primary source; cleared with a causal qualifier (recorded as “CLEARED WITH CAUSAL QUALIFIER”). Who checked this claim is not recorded for it; claim checks so far were AI-led, and no person has checked claims against their sources.
Does not license: Causal statement that regulation caused social-science measurement bias
Limitations: Observational; politically sensitive China domain
Source (as cited): Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)
Source type: Peer-reviewed journal article (recorded as “Peer-reviewed journal article”)
Institutional position: Independent academic; disclosed individual tech-stock holdings
Maturity of the evidence: Emerging evidence
Recorded date: 25 September 2026
Currentness / correction: This is the current version. No correction or concern is recorded on its sources.

Sources this version cites

Pan & Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026) (Peer-reviewed journal article)
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Version

This page shows version v1.0. Its record never changes, even when newer evidence arrives; the site may add a note to the page or withhold a figure not cleared for public use.

This pinned version is also the current version.

Versions: v1.0 · current

Raw record: every recorded field, with its coded values

All 25 canonical Claim fields, verbatim, with the coded values derived from them. The plain-language labels above are read from these.

Claim type (coded): FACT + INTERPRETATION (as printed: “FACT + INTERPRETATION”)
Publication status (coded): ELIGIBLE (QUALIFIED) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH QUALIFIER”)
Verification state (coded): CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY (CAUSAL)
Source type (coded): PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE
Maturity (coded): EMERGING

#	Canonical field	Canonical value (verbatim)	Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2)
1	CLAIM ID	LD07-HQ-C11	—
2	PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM	Provider and jurisdictional context can be associated with materially different refusal and accuracy patterns on politically sensitive prompts; existing evidence does not isolate regulation as the causal mechanism.	—
3	CLAIM TYPE	FACT + INTERPRETATION	base_types: FACT, INTERPRETATION
4	RESEARCH STRAND	F — Priors/alignment/non-stationarity	—
5	MATURITY	EMERGING	states: EMERGING
6	SOURCE	Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)	source_ids: SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026
7	SOURCE TYPE	Peer-reviewed journal article	classes: PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE
8	INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	Independent academic; disclosed individual tech-stock holdings	—
9	SCOPE	145 China-politics questions; China-origin vs non-China-origin models; Chinese/English prompts	—
10	DESIGN	Observational cross-sectional model audit, 2023/2025	—
11	SAMPLE / DATASET	145 political questions	—
12	MODEL / TOOL / VERSION	BaiChuan, ChatGLM, Ernie Bot, DeepSeek; Llama2 variants; GPT-3.5/4/4o	—
13	COMPARATOR	Provider-origin groups + prompt sensitivity	—
14	MAIN RESULT	China-originating models show higher refusals, shorter and less accurate responses; gaps diminish for less-sensitive prompts; origin differences exceed language differences	—
15	INFERENTIAL TARGET	Provider/alignment environment as instrument property	—
16	DOES NOT LICENSE	Causal statement that regulation caused social-science measurement bias	—
17	VERIFICATION STATE	CLEARED WITH CAUSAL QUALIFIER	state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · qualifiers: CAUSAL · verified_by: UNKNOWN
18	LIMITATIONS	Observational; politically sensitive China domain	—
19	CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES	Chinese silicon-sample evidence consistent but not causal	—
20	GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE	China politics; Chinese/English	—
21	DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER	Access to politically sensitive information varies by provider/model environment	—
22	R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS	T1, T7, D9, L-B	—
23	WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM?	Causal before/after compliance or alignment intervention	—
24	PUBLICATION STATUS	ELIGIBLE WITH QUALIFIER	state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: QUALIFIED
25	RECORDED DATE	2026-09-25	—

Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: T1 (TENSION); T7 (TENSION); D9 (DOMAIN); L-B (LENS)

The sources as recorded, with their record IDs and coded source types:

Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)

“Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)” → Pan & Xu (2026), “Political censorship in large language…” (SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026--v1.0) — Pan & Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026); class PEER_REVIEWED_JOURNAL_ARTICLE (explicit public provenance pin)

Cited by Living Debate versions

AI in the research apparatus (v0.1) LD-07
AI in the research apparatus (v0.2) LD-07

Cite this page

SocioLens project. (2026, September 25). Provider and jurisdictional context can be associated with materially different refusal and accuracy patterns on politically sensitive prompts; existing evidence does not isolate regulation as the causal mechanism [Claim LD07-HQ-C11, version v1.0]. SocioLens. https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld07-hq-c11/v1.0/

@misc{sociolens_ld07_hq_c11_v1_0,
  author = {{SocioLens project}},
  title = {Provider and jurisdictional context can be associated with materially different refusal and accuracy patterns on politically sensitive prompts; existing evidence does not isolate regulation as the causal mechanism.},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-25},
  howpublished = {\url{https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld07-hq-c11/v1.0/}},
  note = {Claim LD07-HQ-C11, version v1.0}
}

The link points to this version, whose record never changes. For a finding, cite the original study as well: SocioLens summarizes research and does not replace it.

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 75cb5982619ff88ea7ec1749cd9809e4ddf74cade231f539e5123cd1b572cac1.

Frozen Drive-derived inputs

R03 — LD-07 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID 1xVz_LrQAA8EA1tPhVWIrDgOUU3Zidlg9; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified 2026-09-29T04:31:14.120Z; block “ENTRY 11 — LD07-HQ-C11” SHA-256 952f38fcbe8e08d10b510457ca6f43da051fa48729dbdabfec47bf8874bfcee9; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixture fixtures/frozen/r03-ld07-claim-ledger-v1.0-canonical.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the canonical ledger artifact version (R03 — LD-07 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0); Implementation Architecture Selection §5
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status for "R03 — LD-07 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED": "CURRENT."
FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 11 — LD07-HQ-C11 cites "Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)"; the frozen field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's ledger block; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #39 Source inventory): Batch 04 §1; ledger C11 fields 6/7/8; KEY EVIDENCE.
SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-LD07-PAN-XU-CENSORSHIP-2026--v1.0 — basis: Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record "Jennifer Pan & Xu Xu, “Political censorship in large language models originating from China,” PNAS Nexus 5(2):pgag013 (2026)"; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #39 Source inventory): Batch 04 §1; ledger C11 fields 6/7/8; KEY EVIDENCE.