China’s national standard GB/T 45654-2025 for generative AI services sets a pass rate: at least 90% of sampled output must be free of 31 risk types; its reference appendix specifies a test bank of at least 2,000 questions, refusal of at least 95% of should-refuse questions, and refusal of no more than 5% of should-not-refuse questions.

SocioLens project,

Claim LD06-SL-C25 (v1.0)

Research opportunities this claim motivates

What this claim leaves open for research. Each is a hypothesis about a gap, not a finding.

Who builds and checks China's compliance test banks for generative AI?The standard requires a 90% qualified rate on sampled output and, in its reference appendix, test banks of at least 2,000 questions with refusal thresholds of 95% and 5%.

Provenance and status

Claim type: Fact
Publication status: Eligible for publication, with qualifiers: legal scope
Verification state: Checked against the primary source. Who checked this claim is not recorded for it; claim checks so far were AI-led, and no person has checked claims against their sources.
Does not license: Any claim about enforcement; the translator notes it is unclear how enforceable the stricter measures are
Limitations: Read in English translation; the test-bank thresholds are in an appendix labelled for reference; filing practice was not read in primary sources
Source (as cited): State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026)
Source type: Standards body document (recorded as “National standard (English translation)”)
Institutional position: Chinese national standard (state issuers)
Maturity of the evidence: Emerging evidence
Recorded date: 15 October 2026
Currentness / correction: This is the current version. No correction or concern is recorded on its sources.

Sources this version cites

State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026) (Standards body document)
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Version

This is the current version, v1.0. Earlier versions stay available, and their records never change.

Versions: v1.0 · current

Raw record: every recorded field, with its coded values

All 25 canonical Claim fields, verbatim, with the coded values derived from them. The plain-language labels above are read from these.

Claim type (coded): FACT (as printed: “FACT”)
Publication status (coded): ELIGIBLE (LEGAL_SCOPE) (as printed: “ELIGIBLE WITH LEGAL-SCOPE QUALIFIER”)
Verification state (coded): CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY
Source type (coded): STANDARDS_BODY_PRIMARY
Maturity (coded): EMERGING

#	Canonical field	Canonical value (verbatim)	Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2)
1	CLAIM ID	LD06-SL-C25	—
2	PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM	China’s national standard GB/T 45654-2025 for generative AI services sets a pass rate: at least 90% of sampled output must be free of 31 risk types; its reference appendix specifies a test bank of at least 2,000 questions, refusal of at least 95% of should-refuse questions, and refusal of no more than 5% of should-not-refuse questions.	—
3	CLAIM TYPE	FACT	base_types: FACT
4	RESEARCH STRAND	C — Evaluation in governance, audits and red-teaming	—
5	MATURITY	EMERGING	states: EMERGING
6	SOURCE	State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026)	source_ids: SRC-SL-GB-T-45654-2025-CSET-TRANSLATION
7	SOURCE TYPE	National standard (English translation)	classes: STANDARDS_BODY_PRIMARY
8	INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	Chinese national standard (state issuers)	—
9	SCOPE	Generative AI services in China, especially those with public-opinion or social-mobilization capabilities	—
10	DESIGN	Technical standard for service providers, oversight departments and third-party evaluators	—
11	SAMPLE / DATASET	Not applicable	—
12	MODEL / TOOL / VERSION	Not applicable	—
13	COMPARATOR	None	—
14	MAIN RESULT	Qualified rate of at least 90% (clause 5.2); Appendix B, labelled for reference: keyword library of at least 10,000 entries, generated-content bank of at least 2,000 questions, refusal banks of at least 500 questions each, spot checks of at least 1,000 and 300 questions	—
15	INFERENTIAL TARGET	How a state writes evaluation into compliance as fixed test-bank thresholds	—
16	DOES NOT LICENSE	Any claim about enforcement; the translator notes it is unclear how enforceable the stricter measures are	—
17	VERIFICATION STATE	CONTENT VERIFIED	state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · verified_by: UNKNOWN
18	LIMITATIONS	Read in English translation; the test-bank thresholds are in an appendix labelled for reference; filing practice was not read in primary sources	—
19	CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES	A different model from the EU code (LD06-SL-C24); SocioLens inference: the standard is addressed to providers, but Appendix B does not say who builds the banks, and it names third-party evaluators as users	—
20	GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE	China / English	—
21	DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER	The risk types include political and ideological categories	—
22	R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS	LD-06, D4b	—
23	WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM?	Evidence on who builds the banks and how they are checked in practice	—
24	PUBLICATION STATUS	ELIGIBLE WITH LEGAL-SCOPE QUALIFIER	state: ELIGIBLE · qualifiers: LEGAL_SCOPE
25	RECORDED DATE	2026-10-15	—

Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: LD-06 (LIVING_DEBATE); D4b (SUB_AREA)

The sources as recorded, with their record IDs and coded source types:

Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)

“State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026)” → State Administration for Market Regulation &… (SRC-SL-GB-T-45654-2025-CSET-TRANSLATION--v1.0) — State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026); class STANDARDS_BODY_PRIMARY (explicit public provenance pin)

Cited by Living Debate versions

The evaluation apparatus: Can benchmarks, leaderboards and audits carry the weight placed on them? (v0.1) LD-06

Cite this page

SocioLens project. (2026, October 15). China’s national standard GB/T 45654-2025 for generative AI services sets a pass rate: at least 90% of sampled output must be free of 31 risk types; its reference appendix specifies a test bank of at least 2,000 questions, refusal of at least 95% of should-refuse questions, and refusal of no more than 5% of should-not-refuse questions [Claim LD06-SL-C25, version v1.0]. SocioLens. https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld06-sl-c25/v1.0/

@misc{sociolens_ld06_sl_c25_v1_0,
  author = {{SocioLens project}},
  title = {China’s national standard GB/T 45654-2025 for generative AI services sets a pass rate: at least 90\% of sampled output must be free of 31 risk types; its reference appendix specifies a test bank of at least 2,000 questions, refusal of at least 95\% of should-refuse questions, and refusal of no more than 5\% of should-not-refuse questions.},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-10-15},
  howpublished = {\url{https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld06-sl-c25/v1.0/}},
  note = {Claim LD06-SL-C25, version v1.0}
}

The link points to this version, whose record never changes. For a finding, cite the original study as well: SocioLens summarizes research and does not replace it.

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 888f519496bb3b64d85c1821562bf05678e15e0c45e63c238a3fa9e585eb1753.

Repository-authored inputs (not Drive exports)

SocioLens claim — LD06-SL-C25 v1.0 (v1.0) — written in the SocioLens repository by Project Lead (Claude, AI) on 2026-10-15; no Drive identity exists. Authority: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 15 October 2026 to build the LD-06 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-06 source notes, checked against full texts or official abstracts. Block “ENTRY 25 — LD06-SL-C25” SHA-256 7fa9b6d35a0c032c4661de3972fbd182e6b55a728a7f30ca9012418c9e10de79; fixture fixtures/authored/claims/LD06-SL-C25--v1.0.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the repository-authored claim fixture version (SocioLens claim — LD06-SL-C25 v1.0); the first version of a new Claim of the LD-06 debate
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: repository-authored claim "SocioLens claim — LD06-SL-C25 v1.0" (Project Lead (Claude, AI), 2026-10-15); basis: AGENTS.md "Authority" (the Project Lead decides research content within the research-integrity rules) and the Owner's choice in the SocioLens project chat on 15 October 2026 to build the LD-06 debate; a new Claim, first version, written from the project's LD-06 source notes, checked against full texts or official abstracts
FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-SL-GB-T-45654-2025-CSET-TRANSLATION--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 25 — LD06-SL-C25 cites "State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026)"; the only field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's repository-authored ledger block.
SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-SL-GB-T-45654-2025-CSET-TRANSLATION--v1.0 — basis: explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion (Amendment v1.2 §6): the pinned field-6 Source record "State Administration for Market Regulation & Standardization Administration of China, GB/T 45654-2025, “Cybersecurity Technology — Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” issued 25 April 2025 (CSET English translation, 28 May 2026)".