DUO’s risk-based selection for home visits indirectly discriminated against students with a migration background; the risk-profile selection was abandoned and current home-visit selection is random.

SocioLens project,

Claim LD05-HQ-C08 (v1.0)

DUO’s risk-based selection for home visits indirectly discriminated against students with a migration background; the risk-profile selection was abandoned and current home-visit selection is random.

Research opportunities this claim motivates

What this claim leaves open for research. Each is a hypothesis about a gap, not a finding.

What does being flagged by a fraud-risk model cost claimants before any decision?DUO replaced risk-profile selection for home visits with random selection, offering a comparison point where selection no longer depends on a risk profile.

Provenance and status

Claim type: Fact
Publication status: Eligible for publication
Verification state: Checked against the primary source. Who checked this claim is not recorded for it; claim checks so far were AI-led, and no person has checked claims against their sources.
Does not license: Claim that migration background itself was an input or that ML caused the effect
Limitations: Specific benefit/control process; redesign outcomes not yet fully evaluated
Source (as cited): DUO official follow-up and linked audit material, 2024–2026
Source type: Government document, Government audit or evaluation (recorded as “Official / audit”)
Institutional position: Government / audit
Maturity of the evidence: Rapidly maturing evidence
Recorded date: 25 September 2026
Currentness / correction: This is the current version. No correction or concern is recorded on its sources.

Sources this version cites

DUO official follow-up / Algorithm Audit materials, 2024–2026 (Government document, Government audit or evaluation)
Read one of the original documents

Version

This is the current version, v1.0. Earlier versions stay available, and their records never change.

Versions: v1.0 · current

Raw record: every recorded field, with its coded values

All 25 canonical Claim fields, verbatim, with the coded values derived from them. The plain-language labels above are read from these.

Claim type (coded): FACT (as printed: “FACT”)
Publication status (coded): ELIGIBLE (as printed: “ELIGIBLE”)
Verification state (coded): CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY
Source type (coded): GOVERNMENT_PRIMARY, GOVERNMENT_AUDIT_OR_EVALUATION
Maturity (coded): RAPIDLY_MATURING

#	Canonical field	Canonical value (verbatim)	Normalized (Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2)
1	CLAIM ID	LD05-HQ-C08	—
2	PUBLIC-FACING CLAIM	DUO’s risk-based selection for home visits indirectly discriminated against students with a migration background; the risk-profile selection was abandoned and current home-visit selection is random.	—
3	CLAIM TYPE	FACT	base_types: FACT
4	RESEARCH STRAND	C — Upstream / encoded discretion	—
5	MATURITY	RAPIDLY MATURING	states: RAPIDLY_MATURING
6	SOURCE	DUO official follow-up and linked audit material, 2024–2026	source_ids: SRC-LD05-DUO-FOLLOWUP-2024-2026
7	SOURCE TYPE	Official / audit	classes: GOVERNMENT_PRIMARY, GOVERNMENT_AUDIT_OR_EVALUATION
8	INSTITUTIONAL POSITION	Government / audit	—
9	SCOPE	Netherlands student-grant controls	—
10	DESIGN	Administrative-data audit	—
11	SAMPLE / DATASET	DUO + CBS-linked data	—
12	MODEL / TOOL / VERSION	Risk profile / rule-based selection	—
13	COMPARATOR	Recipient population / later random selection	—
14	MAIN RESULT	Indirect discrimination; 86% of objectors non-European migration background; redesign to random sampling	—
15	INFERENTIAL TARGET	Distributional effects of selection rules	—
16	DOES NOT LICENSE	Claim that migration background itself was an input or that ML caused the effect	—
17	VERIFICATION STATE	CONTENT VERIFIED	state: CONTENT_VERIFIED_PRIMARY · verified_by: UNKNOWN
18	LIMITATIONS	Specific benefit/control process; redesign outcomes not yet fully evaluated	—
19	CONTRADICTORY / SUPPORTING SOURCES	Toeslagen provides related Dutch selection evidence	—
20	GEOGRAPHY / LANGUAGE	Netherlands/Dutch	—
21	DISTRIBUTIONAL LEDGER	Migration-background students disproportionately exposed to control burden	—
22	R01 / FIELD-MAP LINKS	D5, D4a, L-A	—
23	WHAT WOULD CHANGE THIS CLAIM?	Post-redesign evaluation showing prior inference incorrect	—
24	PUBLICATION STATUS	ELIGIBLE	state: ELIGIBLE
25	RECORDED DATE	2026-09-25	—

Field 22 references resolved against Field Map v0.2: D5 (DOMAIN); D4a (SUB_AREA); L-A (LENS)

The sources as recorded, with their record IDs and coded source types:

Pinned Sources (field 6, version-specific)

“DUO official follow-up and linked audit material, 2024–2026” → DUO official follow-up / Algorithm Audit materials… (SRC-LD05-DUO-FOLLOWUP-2024-2026--v1.0) — DUO official follow-up / Algorithm Audit materials, 2024–2026; class GOVERNMENT_PRIMARY, GOVERNMENT_AUDIT_OR_EVALUATION (explicit public provenance pin)

Cited by Living Debate versions

Discretion curtailed, relocated or encoded? (v0.1) LD-05

Cite this page

SocioLens project. (2026, September 25). DUO’s risk-based selection for home visits indirectly discriminated against students with a migration background; the risk-profile selection was abandoned and current home-visit selection is random [Claim LD05-HQ-C08, version v1.0]. SocioLens. https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld05-hq-c08/v1.0/

@misc{sociolens_ld05_hq_c08_v1_0,
  author = {{SocioLens project}},
  title = {DUO’s risk-based selection for home visits indirectly discriminated against students with a migration background; the risk-profile selection was abandoned and current home-visit selection is random.},
  year = {2026},
  date = {2026-09-25},
  howpublished = {\url{https://sociolens-web.pages.dev/claims/ld05-hq-c08/v1.0/}},
  note = {Claim LD05-HQ-C08, version v1.0}
}

The link points to this version, whose record never changes. For a finding, cite the original study as well: SocioLens summarizes research and does not replace it.

Research-of-record provenance

Materialized by sociolens-materializer 0.6.0 at 2026-09-28T20:00:00.000Z; normalization contract SocioLens — Claim Value Vocabulary v1.0.2 — Pre-Spike Materialization Contract (v1.0.2). Content seal SHA-256 0dea5698bb75cdae49cb14153d5f7ee72fe52520b9575842348bad72ab3a8173.

Frozen Drive-derived inputs

R04 — LD-05 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED (v1.0) — Drive ID 1WkAv7jmWIrr1GBmYSv66jDc8m222Yd9z; revision: NOT_EXPOSED_BY_DRIVE_TEXT_EXPORT; Drive modified ; block “ENTRY 08 — LD05-HQ-C08” SHA-256 4aa74b8ccc51a5b21f93445634c289888d22f3a47bffe29a3403d89dd3cd68b3; SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status “CURRENT.”; frozen fixture fixtures/frozen/r04-ld05-claim-ledger-v1.0.

Builder decisions (not Drive data)

VERSION = v1.0 — basis: Claim version taken from the canonical ledger artifact version (R04 — LD-05 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0); Implementation Architecture Selection §5
CURRENT_POINTER = true — basis: SocioLens — Programme Status & Authority Register v0.6 status for "R04 — LD-05 Canonical Claim Ledger v1.0 — LOCKED": "CURRENT."
FIELD_6_SOURCE_REFERENCE = SRC-LD05-DUO-FOLLOWUP-2024-2026--v1.0 — basis: field 6 of ENTRY 08 — LD05-HQ-C08 cites "DUO official follow-up and linked audit material, 2024–2026"; the frozen field-6 segment of this ClaimVersion's ledger block; Drive-derived identity authority (Issue #37 Source inventory): ledger C08 fields 6–8 ("Official / audit"); Batch 02 §4; KEY EVIDENCE.
SOURCE_PROVENANCE_PIN = SRC-LD05-DUO-FOLLOWUP-2024-2026--v1.0 — basis: Issue #5 proof rendering (Architecture Proof Protocol v0.1 AP-08 / Amendment v1.2 §6): explicit version-pinned public provenance of this ClaimVersion — the pinned field-6 Source record.